Sources we use
Where the facts in our guides, key figures and estimator come from, and the lists we check installers against.
Checking installers
- MCS: find an installer
- RECC: member search
- HIES: find an installer
- TrustMark: find a tradesperson
- NICEIC: find a tradesperson
- NAPIT
- Which? Trusted Traders
- UKAS CertCheck
- Companies House search
Guides
Are solar panels worth it? checked 9 Oct 2026
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
- GOV.UK: Households can save as plug-in solar panels come to market
- MCS: Irradiance Datasets (kWh/kWp by postcode zone)
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- HMRC Brief 10 (2026): Temporary zero rate of VAT for domestic electricity in GB
- DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
How much do solar panels cost? checked 9 Oct 2026
- DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- Energy Saving Trust: Battery storage
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- Citizens Advice: Find an installer for energy efficiency home improvements
- RECC: Consumer advice
How much will solar panels save me? checked 9 Oct 2026
- MCS: MIS 3002 The Solar PV Standard (Installation) issue 5.0
- MCS: Irradiance Datasets (kWh/kWp by postcode zone)
- MCS: MGD 003 Solar PV self-consumption guidance
- Ofgem: Energy price cap unit rates and standing charges
- Octopus Energy: Outgoing Octopus export tariffs
- E.ON Next: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- EDF: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- NREL/OSTI: Photovoltaic Degradation Rates — An Analytical Review
- HMRC Brief 10 (2026): Temporary zero rate of VAT for domestic electricity in GB
The Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) explained checked 9 Oct 2026
- Ofgem: Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)
- Ofgem: SEG guidance for generators
- Octopus Energy: Outgoing Octopus export tariffs
- E.ON Next: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- EDF: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- Energy Saving Trust: Plug-in solar panels
- Citizens Advice: Find an installer for energy efficiency home improvements
Solar batteries: are they worth it? checked 9 Oct 2026
- Energy Saving Trust: Battery storage
- MCS: MGD 003 Solar PV self-consumption guidance
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- Octopus Energy: Outgoing Octopus export tariffs
- DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
- Citizens Advice: Six things to know before plug-in solar panels hit UK shelves
Do I need planning permission for solar panels? checked 9 Oct 2026
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO 2015 (England) Schedule 2 Part 14
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO (Scotland) Amendment Order 2024 (SSI 2024/102)
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO (Amendment) (Wales) Order 2012
- legislation.gov.uk: Planning (General Permitted Development) Order (NI) 2015
- legislation.gov.uk: Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 s.7
- ENA: Distributed Generation Connection Guide – G98 single premises
MCS certification and why it matters checked 9 Oct 2026
- MCS: Information for consumers
- MCS: MIS 3002 The Solar PV Standard (Installation) issue 5.0
- MCS: Guidance for Contracts and Quotations (2026)
- MCS: Complaints Policy (2026)
- MCS: Becoming certified
- DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
- Ofgem: SEG guidance for generators
- MCS: Find an installer
Choosing a solar installer and comparing quotes checked 9 Oct 2026
- Citizens Advice: Find an installer for energy efficiency home improvements
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- RECC: Consumer advice
- MCS: Guidance for Contracts and Quotations (2026)
- MCS: MIS 3002 The Solar PV Standard (Installation) issue 5.0
- legislation.gov.uk: Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- MCS: Find an installer
VAT on solar panels and batteries checked 9 Oct 2026
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- HMRC Brief 10 (2026): Temporary zero rate of VAT for domestic electricity in GB
- Ofgem: Energy price cap unit rates and standing charges
- Citizens Advice: Find an installer for energy efficiency home improvements
Looking after solar panels: maintenance and cleaning checked 9 Oct 2026
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- NREL/OSTI: Photovoltaic Degradation Rates — An Analytical Review
- Trading Standards consumer alerts, March 2026 (parish council relay)
Solar for renters, leaseholders and flats checked 9 Oct 2026
- Energy Saving Trust: Plug-in solar panels
- GOV.UK: Households can save as plug-in solar panels come to market
- Citizens Advice: Six things to know before plug-in solar panels hit UK shelves
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO 2015 (England) Schedule 2 Part 14
- DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
- UK Finance: Solar panels and the Lenders' Handbook
Plug-in solar: the 800 W balcony and garden kits checked 9 Oct 2026
- Energy Saving Trust: Plug-in solar panels
- GOV.UK: Households can save as plug-in solar panels come to market
- Citizens Advice: Six things to know before plug-in solar panels hit UK shelves
- Citizens Advice: Response to ENA consultation on plug-in micro-generation
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO 2015 (England) Schedule 2 Part 14
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
Solar scams and pressure selling: how to spot them checked 9 Oct 2026
- Trading Standards consumer alerts, March 2026 (parish council relay)
- RECC: Consumer advice
- Citizens Advice: Find an installer for energy efficiency home improvements
- Citizens Advice: Six things to know before plug-in solar panels hit UK shelves
- legislation.gov.uk: Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013
- MCS: Complaints Policy (2026)
- Citizens Advice Scotland: HELMS and Green Deal complaints
Solar for businesses: the basics checked 9 Oct 2026
- DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- legislation.gov.uk: Valuation for Rating (Plant and Machinery) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2022
- E.ON Next: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- EDF: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- British Gas: Smart Export Guarantee tariff
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO 2015 (England) Schedule 2 Part 14
- Scottish Government: Planning Circular 2/2024 non-domestic PDR
- ENA: Distributed Generation Connection Guide – G98 single premises
- DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
Solar in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: what's different checked 9 Oct 2026
- Ofgem: Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- HMRC Brief 10 (2026): Temporary zero rate of VAT for domestic electricity in GB
- Energy Saving Trust: Plug-in solar panels
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO (Scotland) Amendment Order 2024 (SSI 2024/102)
- legislation.gov.uk: GPDO (Amendment) (Wales) Order 2012
- legislation.gov.uk: Planning (General Permitted Development) Order (NI) 2015
- Home Energy Scotland: Grant and Loan
- Welsh Government: Warm Homes Nest
- Power NI: Microgen tariff
- Power NI: Solar panel grants and funding in Northern Ireland
- UK Finance: Solar panels and the Lenders' Handbook
- DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
Solar grants and loans in 2026 checked 9 Oct 2026
- Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- GOV.UK: Warm Homes Plan
- DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
- GOV.UK: Extending the ECO4 end date – government response
- Home Energy Scotland: Grant and Loan
- Welsh Government: Warm Homes Nest
- Power NI: Solar panel grants and funding in Northern Ireland
Key figures and the estimator
- Electricity unit rate (Ofgem price cap): Ofgem: Energy price cap unit rates and standing charges
- Electricity standing charge (Ofgem price cap): Ofgem: Energy price cap unit rates and standing charges
- Typical household electricity use: Ofgem: Summary of changes to energy price cap 1 Oct–31 Dec 2026
- VAT on household electricity (Great Britain): HMRC Brief 10 (2026): Temporary zero rate of VAT for domestic electricity in GB
- VAT on installed home solar and batteries: HMRC VAT Notice 708/6: Energy-saving materials and heating equipment
- Median installed cost, systems up to 4 kW: DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
- Median installed cost, 4–10 kW: DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
- Median installed cost, 10–50 kW: DESNZ: Solar PV cost data
- Typical home system: Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- Payback for a typical system: Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- Yearly output per kWp, south-facing 35° roof: MCS: Irradiance Datasets (kWh/kWp by postcode zone)
- East- or west-facing roof: MCS: Irradiance Datasets (kWh/kWp by postcode zone)
- Home battery, 5 kWh: Energy Saving Trust: Battery storage
- Battery lifespan: Energy Saving Trust: Battery storage
- Panel and inverter life: Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- Panel output loss with age: NREL/OSTI: Photovoltaic Degradation Rates — An Analytical Review
- Small-system grid connection limit (G98): ENA: Distributed Generation Connection Guide – G98 single premises
- Plug-in solar limit: Energy Saving Trust: Plug-in solar panels
- Plug-in solar cost and saving: Energy Saving Trust: Plug-in solar panels
- Outgoing Octopus export rate: Octopus Energy: Outgoing Octopus export tariffs
- E.ON Next Export Exclusive: E.ON Next: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- EDF SEG Export Variable: EDF: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- Warm Homes Loan caps: DESNZ: Warm Homes Loan Scheme – scheme rules (Sept 2026)
- ECO4 end date: GOV.UK: Extending the ECO4 end date – government response
- Largest deposit advised: Citizens Advice: Find an installer for energy efficiency home improvements
- MCS:2025 transition: MCS: Complaints Policy (2026)
- Business rates exemption for on-site solar (England): legislation.gov.uk: Valuation for Rating (Plant and Machinery) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2022
- UK solar capacity: Solar Power Portal: UK installs record 291,000 solar PV installations in 12 months
- Estimator: MCS: Irradiance Datasets (kWh/kWp by postcode zone)
- Estimator: MCS: MIS 3002 Solar PV Standard, issue 5.0 (postcode zones, generation method)
- Estimator: MCS: MGD 003 self-consumption guidance
- Estimator: Ofgem: price cap unit rates and standing charges
- Estimator: Ofgem: summary of price cap changes, 1 October to 31 December 2026 (typical consumption)
- Estimator: Energy Saving Trust: Solar panels
- Estimator: Octopus Energy: Outgoing Octopus
- Estimator: E.ON Next: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs
- Estimator: EDF: Smart Export Guarantee tariffs